PRE-SWELLING PROCESS OF THE SURFACE MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE (O-MMT) AS A STRATEGY TO ENHANCE EXFOLIATION AND DISPERSION

  • A.R. Abdul Hamid
  • A.F. Osman
  • Z. Mustafa
  • R. Ananthakrishnan Indian Institute of Technology
Keywords: Montmorillonite, Pre-Swelling, Structure, Morphology, Exfoliation

Abstract


The production of exfoliated polymer/clay based nanocomposites is crucial to obtain an actual benefit of nanoscale reinforcement in the polymer matrix. The objective of this study was to employ the pre-swelling process through the combination of magnetic stirring and ultra-sonication technique to produce more readily exfoliated O-MMT for the production of polymer nanocomposite. The effects of dispersant concentration on the thermal stability, structure and morphology of the pre-swelled O-MMT were studied. Results indicated that the pre-swelling process did not reduce the thermal stability of the O-MMT, showing that this method did not leach out or degrade the surface modifier of the O-MMT. Among all the pre-swelled O-MMTs, the one prepared using H2O/O-MMT ratio of 1:1 had the best thermal stability. As proved through the XRD analysis, this sample possesses larger basal spacing as compared to the origin O-MMT. FESEM analyses suggested that disorientation and misalignment of platelets occurred, forming ‘house of card’ structure. More porous and loosely packed platelets were obtained, which is predicted can allow better O-MMT dispersion and polymer chains intercalation during the formation of exfoliated polymer nanocomposite.  Furthermore, the H2O/O-MMT ratio of 1:1 was selected as the best dispersant concentration to form the pre-swelled O-MMT.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

R. Ananthakrishnan, Indian Institute of Technology

3Department of Chemistry,

Environmental Materials & Analytical Chemistry Laboratory,  

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.

References

[1] Y. Cui, S. Kumar, B.R. Kona and D. V. Houcke, “Gas barrier properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites”, RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 78, pp. 63669-63690, 2015.

[2] A. F. Osman, A. M. Alakrach, H. Kalo, W.N.W. Azmi and F. Hashim, “In vitro biostability and biocompatibility of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) nanocomposites for biomedical applications”, RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 40, pp. 31485-31495, 2015.

[3] M. Kotal and A. K. Bhowmick, “Polymer nanocomposites from modified clays: Recent advances and challenges”, Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 127-187, 2015.

[4] S. Gul, A. Kausar, B. Muhammad and S. Jabeen, “Research progress on properties and applications of polymer/clay nanocomposite”, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 684-703, 2016.

[5] S. L. Bee, M. A. A. Abdullah, S. T. Bee, L. T. Sin and A. R. Rahmat, “Polymer nanocomposites based on silylated-montmorillonite: A review”, Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 57-82, 2018.

[6] N. Saba, M. Jawaid and M. Asim, Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites. Singapore: Springer, 2016.

[7] K. Zdiri, A. Elamri and M. Hamdaoui, “Advances in thermal and mechanical behaviors of PP/clay nanocomposites,” Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 824-840, 2017.

[8] R. R. Tiwari, K. C. Khilar and U. Natarajan, “Synthesis and characterization of novel organo-montmorillonites”, Applied Clay Science, vol. 38, no. 3-4, 203-208, 2008.

[9] T. T. Zhu, C.H. Zhou, F. B. Kabwe, Q. Q. Wu, C. S. Li and J. R. Zhang, “Exfoliation of montmorillonite and related properties of clay/polymer nanocomposites”, Applied Clay Science, vol. 169, no. 6, pp. 48-66, 2019.

[10] B. K. G. Theng, Formation and Properties of clay-polymer complexes, 2nd edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2012.
[11] N. A. M. Noor, J. A. Razak, S. Ismail, N. Mohamad, L. K. Tee, R. F. Munawar and R. Junid, “Review on carbon nanotube based polymer composites and its applications”, Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 12, no. 1(1), pp. 311-326, 2018.

[12] A. R. Hamid, A. F. Osman, “Effects of Ultrasonication time on thermal stability and swelling behaviour of the commercial organo-Montmorillonite (O-MMT)”, International Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 7, no. 23, pp. 288-291, 2018.

[13] E. Dunkerley and D. Schmidt, “Effects of composition, orientation and temperature on the O2 permeability of model polymer/clay nanocomposites,” Macromolecules, vol. 43, no. 24, pp. 10536-10544, 2010.

[14] K. S. Santos, E. Bischoff, S. A. Liberman, M. A. S. Oviedo and R. S. Mauler, “The effects of ultrasound on organoclay dispersion in the PP matrix”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 997-1001, 2011.

[15] Y. Xi, R. L. Forst, H. He, T. Kloprogge and T. Bossom, “Modification of montmorillonite surfaces using a cationic surfactant”, Langmuir, vol. 21, no.19, pp. 8675-8680, 2005.

[16] M. A. Cárdenas, D. García‐López, J. F. Fernández, I. Gobernado‐Mitre, J. C. Merino, J. M. Pastor and D. Calveras, “EVA nanocomposites elaborated with bentonite organo‐modified by wet and semi‐wet methods,” Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol. 292, no. 9, pp. 1035-1046, 2007.

[17] S. Boudjemaa and B. Djellouli, “Characterization of organo montmorillonite (organo-MMT) and study of its effects upon the formation of poly (methyl methacrylate)/organo-MMT nanocomposites prepared by in situ solution polymerization, “Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, vol. 87, no. 10, pp. 1464-1473, 2014.

[18] A. Kaboorani, B. Riedl and P. Blanchet, “Ultrasonication technique: a method for dispersing nanoclay in wood adhesives,” Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2013, pp. 1-9, 2013.

[19] K. Dean, J. Krstina, W. Tian and R. J. Varley, “Effect of ultrasonic dispersion methods on thermal and mechanical properties of organoclay epoxy nanocomposites,” Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol. 292, no. 4, pp. 415-427, 2007.

[20] A. A. Mirghasemi and H. Bayesteh, “Numerical simulation of tortuosity effect on the montmorillonite permeability”, Procedia Engineering, vol. 102, pp. 1466-1475, 2015.
Published
2020-08-28
How to Cite
Abdul Hamid, A., Osman, A., Mustafa, Z., & Ananthakrishnan, R. (2020). PRE-SWELLING PROCESS OF THE SURFACE MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE (O-MMT) AS A STRATEGY TO ENHANCE EXFOLIATION AND DISPERSION. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (JAMT), 14(2). Retrieved from https://jamt.utem.edu.my/jamt/article/view/5937
Issue
Vol 14 No 2 (2020)
Section
Articles

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors transfer copyright to the publisher as part of a journal publishing agreement with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after the manuscript is accepted, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).