EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COOKING TEMPERATURE AND ALKALINITY ON MECHANICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE SHEET FROM DURIAN SHELL WASTE FIBRE

  • R.F. Munawar
  • A.B. Arif
  • N. Mohamad
  • M.F. Dimin
  • M.S.M Suan
  • I.S. Othman
  • H. Hasib
  • M. Abu
  • S. Radiman
  • N.H.M. Hassan

Abstract


Temperature and alkalinity are the critical factors that contribute to the successful of soda pulping. These factors influence the length size and interfibre bonding of the fibre. In this paper, durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) shell composite sheet were prepared by conducting chemical pulping through soda method to study the effect of different pulping temperature and % of NaOH on the mechanical and morphological characteristics of durian shell composite sheet. Six sets of composite sheet were produced from six sets of pulping. The pulping processes were conducted at 140, 160 and 170°C with 17, 19 and 21% of active alkali. The mechanical properties of the durian shell composite sheet were analyzed through few standard TAPPI analyses which are tensile, tear, burst, folding endurance and paper bulk thickness. The results show that the highest reading of paper bulk thickness, tensile, tear and burst index, and also folding endurance were achieved at the pulping condition of 170°C with 21% of NaOH with the value of 1.3366 g/cm3, 54.151 NM/g, 6.648 m.Nm2/g, 2.517 k.Pam2/g and 170 no. of fold, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that morphological changes took place depending on the size and arrangement of the fibres in the composites sheet.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. Biswas, S. Shahinur, M. Hasan and Q. Ahsan, “Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of jute and bamboo fiber reinforced unidirectional epoxy composites,” in 6th BSME International Conference Thermal Engineering 2014, Bangladesh, 2015, pp. 933-939.

S. Charoenvai, “Durian peels fiber and recycled HDPE composites obtained by extrusion,” in 11th Eco-Energy and Materials Science and Engineering, Thailand, 2014, pp. 539-546.

S. Charoenvai, J. Khedari, J. Hirunlabh, C. Asasutjarit, B. Zeghmati, D. Quenard and N. Pratintong, “Heat and moisture transport in durian fiber based lightweight construction materials,” Solar Energy, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 543–553, 2005.

W.-B. Wu, Y. Jing, M.-R. Gong, X.-F. Zhou and H.-Q. Dai, “Preparation and properties of magnetic cellulose fiber composites,” BioResources, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 3396–3409, 2011.

N.N. Aimi, H. Anuar, M.R. Manshor, W.B.W. Nazri and S.M. Sapuan, “Optimizing the parameters in durian skin fiber reinforced polypropylene composites by response surface methodology,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 54, pp. 291–295, 2014.

P. Kumar, D.M. Barrett, M.J. Delwiche and P. Stroeve, “Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 3713–3729, 2009.

H. Krässig and W. Kitchen, “Factors influencing tensile properties of cellulose fibers,” Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 123–172, 1961.

N.I.M. Zawawi, A.Z.M. Asa'ari, L.C. Abdullah, H.H. Abdullah, J. Harun, and M. Jawaid, "Water absorbency and mechanical properties of kenaf paper blended via a disintegration technique,” BioResources, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 5570–5580, 2013.

S.R. Masrol, M.H.I. Ibrahim, S. Adnan, M.R. Talib and L.L. Sian “Effects of soda-anthraquinone pulping variables on the durian rind pulp and paper characteristics: A Preliminary Test,” in International Research and Innovation Summit, Melaka, 2017, pp. 012175.

J. Alaejos, F. López, A. Pérez, A. Rodríguez and L. Jiménez, “Influence of the holm oak soda pulping conditions on the properties of the resulting paper sheets,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, no. 14, pp. 6320–6324, 2008.

W.A. Laftah and W.A.W.A. Rahaman, “Chemical pulping of waste pineapple leaves fiber for kraft paper production,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 254-261, 2015.

M.K. Shahril, R.F. Munawar, M.H. Mohamed, A.B. Arif, N. Mohamad, M.E.A. Manaf, J.A. Razak and H.E.A. Maulod, “Green magnetic composite sheet from durian shell and nano magnetite particles,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 761, pp. 515–519, 2015.

M.A. Sani, H.Abbas, A.H. Buniamin, M.F. Nordin and H.A. Rashed, “Potensi durian hibrid MARDI: MDUR 88,” Buletin Teknologi MARDI, vol. 8, pp. 71–79, 2015.

P. Wilaipon, “Durian husk properties and its heating value equation,” American Journal of Applied Science, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 893–896, 2011.

Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia. (2017). Statistik Tanaman Buah-buahan Malaysia [Online]. Available:

http://www.doa.gov.my/index/resources/aktiviti_sumber/sumber_awam/maklumat_pertanian/perangkaan_tanaman/perangkaan_buah_2017.pdf

M.H. Yussni, M.R. Nazrul, M.A. Azriszul, A.A.Z. Mujahid and A. Saparudin, “Mercerization parameters effect on natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite : A review,” Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 13–30, 2011.

R.F. Munawar, A.B. Arif, W.N.F.W.A. Shani, M.A. Azam, M.E.A. Manaf, M. Abu, M.Z. Zainal Abidin, and S. Ismail,“A facile coating method for superhydrophobic magnetic composite sheet from biodegradable durian peel for electromagnetic wave absorbance application,” Key Engineering Materials, vol. 694, pp. 39–43, 2016.

H. Sixta, Handbook of Pulp. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006.

R.F. Munawar, A.B. Arif, M.F.H.A. Rashid, J.A. Razak, M.A. Azam, M.E.A. Manaf, S. Ismail, M.F. Dimin, and H.H. Abdullah, “Influence of pulping process conditions towards better water resistant effect of durian shell paper by lignin : two level factorial design approach,” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 2743–2750, 2017.

S.R. Masrol, M.H.I. Ibrahim, S. Adnan, A.M. Sa'adon, K.I. Sukarno and M.F.H. Yusoff, “Soda-anthraquinone durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr.) rind linerboard and corrugated medium paper: A preliminary test,” in International Research and Innovation Summit, Melaka, 2017, pp. 012174.

How to Cite
Munawar, R., Arif, A., Mohamad, N., Dimin, M., Suan, M., Othman, I., Hasib, H., Abu, M., Radiman, S., & Hassan, N. (1). EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COOKING TEMPERATURE AND ALKALINITY ON MECHANICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE SHEET FROM DURIAN SHELL WASTE FIBRE. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (JAMT), 12(1(3), 23-34. Retrieved from https://jamt.utem.edu.my/jamt/article/view/4862
Section
Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)