RECOVERY OF CARBON FIBER FROM CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER WASTE VIA PYROLYSIS

  • N.M. Yatim
  • Z. Shamsudin
  • A. Shaaban
  • J.A. Ghafar Composites Technology Research Malaysia
  • M.J.H. Khan Kuwait University
Keywords: Recovery, ; Carbon Fiber, Pyrolysis

Abstract


The increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in high end application industry needs for recycling technique to recover the valuable carbon fibers, reduce the waste produced and provide a closed loop for this material. Most CFRP waste have been disposed of in landfills after their expiration of service life, generating environmental problems and potential release of toxic byproducts. This paper examines the recovery of carbon fibers (rCF) via pyrolysis technique by particularly studied the influence of different atmosphere (nitrogen and combination of nitrogen and oxygen) and final heating temperature (550°C, 600°C and 650°C). Pyrolysis held under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen at the heating temperature range from 250 to 420⁰C was found significance to decompose epoxy resin components. While oxygen atmosphere at higher heating temperature was found needed to achieve a complete elimination of resin from rCF. Pyrolysis at low temperature (550°C) revealed rCF production with clean and uniform spherical shape. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveal 540°C as final heating temperature that efficiently recover CF. Morphological and structural examination of the rCF was performed via SEM and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The specific heating profile of pyrolysis technique is present to recover valuable CF from complex CFRP.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

J.A. Ghafar, Composites Technology Research Malaysia

2Composites Technology Research Malaysia,

Taman Merdeka, 75350 Batu Berendam,

Melaka, Malaysia.

M.J.H. Khan, Kuwait University

3Faculty of Science,

Kuwait University, Safat 13060,

Kuwait.

References

[1] M. Kühnel and T. Kraus. (2016). The global CFRP market 2016 [Online]. Available: https://elib.dlr.de/109625/1/CFRP%20market%20report%20
ICC%202016%20K%C3%BChnel.pdf

[2] M. Holmes, “Global carbon fibre market remains on upward trend”, Reinforced Plastics, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 38-45, 2015.

[3] A. Björnsson, “Automated layup and forming of prepreg laminates,” Ph.D. thesis, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, 2017.

[4] S. Pimenta and S.T. Pinho, “Recycling carbon fibre reinforced polymers for structural applications : Technology review and market outlook”, Waste Management, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 378-392, 2011.

[5] B. Tse, X. Yu, H. Gong and C. Soutis, “Flexural properties of wet-laid hybrid nonwoven recycled carbon and flax fibre composites in poly-lactic acid matrix”, Aerospace, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1-16, 2018.

[6] A.A. Khatibi, V. Chevali, S. Feih and A.P. Mouritz, “Probability analysis of the fire structural resistance of aluminium plate”, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 83, pp. 15-24, 2016.

[7] S.V. Levchik and D.W. Edward, “Thermal decomposition, combustion and flame‐retardancy of epoxy resins-a review of the recent literature”, Polymer International, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 1901-1929, 2004.


[8] P. Tranchard, S. Duquesne, F. Samyn, B. Estèbe and S. Bourbigot, “Kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of a carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin laminate”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 126 , pp. 14-21, 2017.

[9] S. J. Pickering, “Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials”, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1206-1215, 2006.

[10] M. Das, R. Chacko and S. Varughese, “An efficient method of recycling of CFRP waste using peracetic acid”, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1564-1571, 2018.

[11] G. Oliveux, L.O. Dandy and G.A. Leeke, “Current status of recycling of fibre reinforced polymers: Review of technologies, reuse and resulting properties”, Progress in Materials Science, vol. 72, pp. 61-99, 2015.

[12] K.L. Pickering, M.A. Efendy and T.M. Le, “A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance”, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 83, pp. 98-112, 2016.

[13] S.J. Pickering, Z. Liu, T.A. Turner, and K.H. Wong, “Applications for carbon fibre recovered from composites”, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 2016.

[14] L.O. Meyer, K. Schulte, and E. Grove-Nielsen, “CFRP-recycling following a pyrolysis route: Process optimization and potentials”, Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1121-1132, 2009.

[15] Y. Liu, M. Farnsworth, and A. Tiwari, “A review of optimisation techniques used in the composite recycling area : State-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 140, pp. 1775-1781, 2017.

[16] I. Karacan and L. Erzurumluoğlu, “The effect of carbonization temperature on the structure and properties of carbon fibers prepared from poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) precursor”, Fibers and Polymers, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1629-1645, 2015.
[17] J. Deng, L. Xu, L. Zhang, J. Peng, S. Guo, J. Liu and S. Koppala, “Recycling of carbon fibers from CFRP waste by microwave thermolysis”, Processes, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1-12, 2019.

[18] H. Vašková and V. Křesálek, “Raman spectroscopy of epoxy resin crosslinking,” in 15th International Conference on Automatic Control, Modelling & Simulation, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain, 2011, pp. 357-361.

[19] F. Navarro-Pardo, A. Rivera-López, V. Sánchez-Labastida, A. Martínez-Hernández, and C. Velasco-Santos, “Statistical Study of Process Parameters Effects on Crystallinity of Electrospun Polyamide 6,6 Fibres”, in 1st International Electronic Conference on Materials, Montreal, Canada, 2014, pp. 1-12.
Published
2020-04-29
How to Cite
Yatim, N., Shamsudin, Z., Shaaban, A., Ghafar, J., & Khan, M. (2020). RECOVERY OF CARBON FIBER FROM CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER WASTE VIA PYROLYSIS. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (JAMT), 14(1). Retrieved from https://jamt.utem.edu.my/jamt/article/view/5860
Section
Articles