Design and Analysis of Ankle Foot Orthosis for Disabled Children
Abstract
Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is a brace or device that is worn on the lower leg to support and correct the foot and ankle position. AFO is also used to correct the foot drop. In this paper, a new design of AFO is proposed and its analysis using AUTODESK Inventor will be discussed. The design concept was based on the short and long size of pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). The PAM are custom made in the laboratory with the short and long size are 150mm and 250mm respectively. Single point statics analysis including reaction force and moment at selected points were conducted for both designs. Based on the von Mises stress, displacement, safety factor and PAM experiment result, the long size design is selected for this research. Fabrication and further testing needs to be conducted in order to evaluate the device.
Downloads
References
A. Bahler, “The Biomechanics of the Foot”, Clinical Prosthetics and Orthotics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 8-14, 1986.
M. Wingstrand, G. Hagglund and E. Rodby-Bousquet, “Ankle-foot orthoses in children with cerebral palsy: a cross sectional population based Study of 2200 Children”, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 15, no.1, pp. 1-7, 2014.
P.C. Kao and D.P. Ferris, “Motor adaptation during dorsiflexion-assisted walking with a powered orthosis”, Gait & Posture, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 230-236, 2009.
K.A. Shorter, J. Xia, E.T. Hsiao-Wecksler, W.K. Durfee and G.F. Kogler, “Technologies for powered ankle-foot orthotic systems: possibilities and challenges”, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 337-347, 2013.
K.A. Shorter, “The Design and Control of Active Ankle Foot Orthoses”, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 2011.
P. Rosenbaum, N. Paneth, A. Leviton, M. Goldstein, M. Bax, D. Damiano and B. Jacobsson, “A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy”, Development Children & Child Neurology, vol. 49, no. s109, pp. 8-14, 2007.
Y.I. Park, B. Chen, D. Young, L. Stirling, R.J. Wood, E. Goldfiled and R. Nagpal, “Bio-inspired active soft orthotic device for ankle foot pathologies”, in IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, San Francisco, USA, 2011.
J. Romkes, A.K. Hell and R. Brunner, “Changes in muscle activity in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy while walking with and without ankle-foot orthoses,” Gait & Posture, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 467-474, 2006.
A. Smalley “AFOs for foot drop” Development Children & Child Neurology, vol. 54, no. s113, pp. 29-33, 2014.
R. Chin, E.T. Hsiao-Wecksler, E. Loth, G. Kogler, S.D. Manwaring, S.N. Tyson and J.N. Gilmer, “A pneumatic power harvesting ankle-foot orthosis to prevent foot-drop”, Journal of Neuro Engineering and Rehabilitation, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2009.
T.Y. Choi, S. Jin and J.J. Lee, “Implementation of a robot actuated by artificial pneumatic muscles”, in SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference, Busan, South Korea, 2006, pp. 4733-4737.
G.K. Klute, J.M. Czerniecki and B. Hannaford, “McKibben artificial muscles: pneumatic actuators with biomechanical intelligence”, in IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Atlanta, USA, 1999, pp. 221-226.
D.B. Reynolds, D.W. Repperger, C.A. Phillips and G. Bandry, “Modeling the dynamic characteristics of pneumatic muscle”, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 310-317, 2003.
B. Tondu and P. Lopez, “Modeling and control of mckibben artificial muscle robot actuators”, IEEE Control Systems, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 15-38, 2000.
N.Z. Ishak, S. Mohamaddan, A.M.N.A. Kamaruddin, H. Khamis, S. Yamamoto and S.Z.M. Dawal, “Development of Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) using pneumatic artificial muscle for disable children”, MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 87, pp. 1-6, 2017.
